Master GCSE Biology

MS1

- Long, thread-like structures in the nucleus (1)

- Contain genetic information (1)

MS2

- Ribosomes (1)

- Place in the body: pancreas/stomach lining/any correct place (1)

MS3

- Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll/are green (1)

- Mitochondria contain cristae/are not green (1)

- Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis/use light energy (1)

- Mitochondria carry out respiration/use glucose (1)

MS4

- Process where unspecialized cells change into specialized cells (1)

- Occurs through gene expression and environmental cues (1)

- Each specialized cell has a specific function that contributes to the overall development of the organism (1)

MS5

- Cell wall (1)

MS6

- Small, circular pieces of DNA (1)

- Can carry genes for antibiotic resistance/other advantageous traits (1)

MS7

- Binary fission: cell divides into two identical daughter cells (1)

- Not suitable for complex organisms because:

- No cell differentiation/cannot produce specialized cells (1)

- Lacks control/could lead to uncontrolled cell division (1)

MS8

- Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration (1)

- Occurs down a concentration gradient (1)

MS9

- Osmosis: movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane (1)

- Active transport: movement of molecules across a membrane against a concentration gradient (1)

- Requires energy/ATP to pump molecules across (1)

MS10

- Importance of aseptic technique:

- Prevents contamination of experiments (1)

- Ensures accurate results (1)

- Consequences of not using aseptic technique:

- Growth of unwanted organisms/contamination (1)

- Experiments may have to be repeated/results may be invalid (1)

- Risk of spreading pathogens (1)